News Releases

Johnson & Johnson Reports Q3 2022 Results

Oct 18, 2022

Reported sales growth of 1.9% to $23.8 Billion with operational growth of 8.1%* and adjusted operational growth of 8.2%*
Earnings per share (EPS) of $1.68 increasing 22.6% and adjusted EPS of $2.55 decreasing by 1.9%*
Company is maintaining 2022 full-year guidance midpoints for adjusted operational sales and reported adjusted EPS; increasing adjusted operational EPS performance offsetting continued unfavorable currency impacts

NEW BRUNSWICK, N.J.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Oct. 18, 2022-- Johnson & Johnson (NYSE: JNJ) today announced results for third-quarter 2022. “Our third quarter performance demonstrates our continued strength and resilience across all three of our businesses,” said Joaquin Duato, Chief Executive Officer. “Through the ongoing efforts of our teams around the world, we continue to navigate the dynamic macroeconomic environment and remain focused on delivering transformative healthcare solutions. Looking ahead, I remain confident in our business and ability to continue advancing our innovative portfolio and pipeline.”

OVERALL FINANCIAL RESULTS

	Q3
($ in Millions, except EPS)	2022	2021	% Change
Reported Sales	$23,791	$23,338	1.9%
Net Earnings	4,458	3,667	21.6%
EPS (diluted)	$1.68	$1.37	22.6%

	Q3
*Non-GAAP ($ in Millions, except EPS)**	2022	2021	% Change
Operational Sales^1,2			8.1%
Adjusted Operational Sales^1,3			8.2%
Adjusted Net Earnings^1,4	6,779	6,968	(2.7)%
Adjusted EPS (diluted)^1,4	$2.55	$2.60	(1.9)%

¹ Non-GAAP financial measure; refer to reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures included in accompanying schedules
² Excludes the impact of translational currency
³ Excludes the net impact of acquisitions and divestitures and translational currency
⁴Excludes intangible amortization expense and special items
Note: values may have been rounded

REGIONAL SALES RESULTS

Q3			% Change
($ in Millions)	2022	2021	Reported	Operational^1,2	Currency	Adjusted Operational^1,3
U.S.	$12,453	$11,963	4.1%	4.1	-	4.2
International	$11,338	$11,375	(0.3)	12.3	(12.6)	12.4
Worldwide	$23,791	$23,338	1.9%	8.1	(6.2)	8.2

SEGMENT SALES RESULTS

Q3			% Change
($ in Millions)	2022	2021	Reported	Operational^1,2	Currency	Adjusted Operational^1,3
Consumer Health⁴	$3,795	$3,812	(0.4)%	4.7	(5.1)	4.8
Pharmaceutical⁴	$13,214	$12,882	2.6	9.0	(6.4)	9.2
MedTech	$6,782	$6,644	2.1	8.1	(6.0)	8.1
Worldwide	$23,791	$23,338	1.9%	8.1	(6.2)	8.2

¹ Non-GAAP financial measure; refer to reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures included in accompanying schedules
² Excludes the impact of translational currency
³ Excludes the net impact of acquisitions and divestitures and translational currency
⁴ Certain international OTC products, primarily in China, were reclassified from the Pharmaceutical segment to the Consumer Health segment based on operational changes
Note: Values may have been rounded

THIRD QUARTER 2022 SEGMENT COMMENTARY:
Adjusted operational sales* reflected below excludes the net impact of acquisitions and divestitures and translational currency.

Consumer Health
Consumer Health worldwide adjusted operational sales increased 4.8%*. Major contributors to growth include upper respiratory and analgesic products in the over-the-counter franchise, NEUTROGENA and AVEENO in Skin Health/Beauty and Women’s Health products outside the United States.

Pharmaceutical
Pharmaceutical worldwide adjusted operational sales grew 9.2%*, driven by DARZALEX (daratumumab), a biologic for the treatment of multiple myeloma, TREMFYA (guselkumab), a biologic for the treatment of adults living with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, and for adults with active psoriatic arthritis, STELARA (ustekinumab), a biologic for the treatment of a number of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, ERLEADA (apalutamide), a next-generation androgen receptor inhibitor for the treatment of patients with prostate cancer, and INVEGA SUSTENNA/XEPLION and INVEGA TRINZA/TREVICTA (paliperidone palmitate), long-acting, injectable atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults. Also contributing to growth were sales of the Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine (Ad26.COV2.S) for the prevention of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This growth was partially offset by declines in sales of REMICADE (infliximab), a biologic approved for the treatment of several immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and IMBRUVICA (ibrutinib), an oral, once daily therapy approved for use in treating certain B-cell malignancies, a type of blood or lymph node cancer.

MedTech
MedTech worldwide adjusted operational sales grew 8.1%*, driven primarily by electrophysiology products in Interventional Solutions, contact lenses in Vision, Trauma in Orthopaedics and wound closure products in General Surgery.

NOTABLE NEW ANNOUNCEMENTS IN THE QUARTER:
The information contained in this section should be read in conjunction with Johnson & Johnson’s other disclosures filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including its Current Reports on Form 8-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Annual Reports on Form 10-K. Copies of these filings are available online at www.sec.gov, www.jnj.com or on request from Johnson & Johnson. The reader is also encouraged to review all other news releases and information available in the Investors section of the company’s website at news releases, as well as www.factsabouttalc.com, www.factsaboutourprescriptionopioids.com, and www.LTLManagementInformation.com.

Regulatory Decisions	STELARA (ustekinumab) Approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to Treat Pediatric Patients with Active Psoriatic Arthritis	Press Release
	European Commission Approves IMBRUVICA (ibrutinib) in a Fixed-Duration Combination Regimen for Adult Patients with Previously Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL)	Press Release
	Janssen Marks First Approval Worldwide for TECVAYLI (teclistamab) with EC Authorisation of First-in-Class Bispecific Antibody for the Treatment of Patients with Multiple Myeloma	Press Release
	U.S. FDA Approves IMBRUVICA (ibrutinib) as First and Only BTKi Treatment for Pediatric Patients with Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease	Press Release
Data Release	Janssen Announces New Data Supporting Safety and Efficacy of RYBREVANT and Lazertinib Combination for Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and EGFR Mutations	Press Release
	Final Analysis of Phase 2 GRIFFIN Study Presented for DARZALEX (daratumumab)-based Investigational Quadruplet Regimen in Patients with Newly Diagnosed, Transplant-Eligible Multiple Myeloma	Press Release
	TREMFYA (guselkumab) Demonstrates Higher Rates of Complete Skin Clearance with Earlier Treatment in Adults with Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis in Phase 3b GUIDE Study	Press Release
	Results of Novel Clinical Study of Guselkumab and Golimumab Combination Therapy Show Adults with Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis Maintained Higher Rates of Clinical, Histologic, and Endoscopic Remission at Week 38¹	Press Release
	STELARA (ustekinumab) Demonstrated Sustained Symptomatic and Corticosteroid-Free Remission Through Four Years in Adults with Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis¹	Press Release
	Janssen Announces Late-Breaking Data from Two Gene Therapy Programs at the American Academy of Ophthalmology 2022 Annual Meeting	Press Release
Product Launches	Biosense Webster Launches the OCTARAY Mapping Catheter with TRUEref Technology	Press Release
	Johnson & Johnson Vision Introduces All Purpose EDOF, TECNIS Symfony OptiBlue IOL, the Latest PC-IOL Powered by InteliLight Technology	Press Release
	Johnson & Johnson Vision Launches New Contact Lens Innovation to Help Meet the Needs of Digitally Intense Lifestyles: ACUVUE OASYS MAX 1-Day	Press Release
	Biosense Webster Launches HELIOSTAR in Europe, the First Radiofrequency Balloon Ablation Catheter, Enabling Physicians to Perform More Efficient Cardiac Ablations¹	Press Release
Other	Johnson & Johnson Announces $5 Billion Share Repurchase Program	Press Release
	Johnson & Johnson Appoints Larry Merlo as Non-Executive Chair Designate of Planned New Consumer Health Company	Press Release
	Johnson & Johnson Announces Kenvue as the Name for Planned New Consumer Health Company	Press Release

¹Subsequent to the quarter.

FULL-YEAR 2022 GUIDANCE:
Johnson & Johnson does not provide GAAP financial measures on a forward-looking basis because the company is unable to predict with reasonable certainty the ultimate outcome of legal proceedings, unusual gains and losses, acquisition-related expenses and purchase accounting fair value adjustments without unreasonable effort. These items are uncertain, depend on various factors, and could be material to Johnson & Johnson's results computed in accordance with GAAP.

($ in Billions, except EPS)

October 2022

July 2022

Adjusted Operational Sales^1,2,5

Change vs. Prior Year

6.7% – 7.2%

6.5% – 7.5%

Operational Sales^2,5/ Mid-point^2,5

Change vs. Prior Year / Mid-point

$97.5B – $98.0B / $97.8B

6.7% – 7.2% / 7.0%

$97.3B – $98.3B / $97.8B

6.5% – 7.5% / 7.0%

Estimated Reported Sales^3,5/ Mid-point^3,5

Change vs. Prior Year / Mid-point

$93.0B – $93.5B / $93.3B

1.8% – 2.3% / 2.1%

$93.3B – $94.3B / $93.8B

2.1% – 3.1% / 2.6%

Adjusted Operational EPS (Diluted)^2,4/ Mid-point^2,4

Change vs. Prior Year / Mid-point

$10.70 – $10.75 / $10.73

9.2% – 9.7% / 9.5%

$10.65 – $10.75 / $10.70

8.7% – 9.7% / 9.2%

Adjusted EPS (Diluted)^3,4/ Mid-point^3,4

Change vs. Prior Year / Mid-point

$10.02 – $10.07 / $10.05

2.3% – 2.8% / 2.6%

$10.00 – $10.10 / $10.05

2.1% – 3.1% / 2.6 %

¹Non-GAAP financial measure; excludes the net impact of acquisitions and divestitures
² Non-GAAP financial measure; excludes the impact of translational currency
³ Calculated using Euro Average Rate: October 2022 = $1.04 and July 2022 = $1.05 (Illustrative purposes only)
⁴Non-GAAP financial measure; excludes intangible amortization expense and special items
⁵Excludes COVID-19 Vaccine
Note: percentages may have been rounded

Other modeling considerations will be provided on the webcast.

WEBCAST INFORMATION:
Johnson & Johnson will conduct a conference call with investors to discuss this earnings release today at 8:30 a.m., Eastern Time. A simultaneous webcast of the call for investors and other interested parties may be accessed by visiting the Johnson & Johnson website. A replay and podcast will be available approximately two hours after the live webcast in the Investors section of the company's website at events-and-presentations.

ABOUT JOHNSON & JOHNSON:
At Johnson & Johnson, we believe good health is the foundation of vibrant lives, thriving communities and forward progress. That’s why for more than 135 years, we have aimed to keep people well at every age and every stage of life. Today, as the world’s largest and most broadly-based health care company, we are committed to using our reach and size for good. We strive to improve access and affordability, create healthier communities, and put a healthy mind, body and environment within reach of everyone, everywhere. We are blending our heart, science and ingenuity to profoundly change the trajectory of health for humanity.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES:
* “Operational sales growth” excluding the impact of translational currency, “adjusted operational sales growth” excluding the net impact of acquisitions and divestitures and translational currency, as well as “adjusted net earnings”, “adjusted diluted earnings per share” and “adjusted operational diluted earnings per share” excluding after-tax intangible amortization expense and special items, are non-GAAP financial measures and should not be considered replacements for, and should be read together with, the most comparable GAAP financial measures. Except for guidance measures, reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures can be found in the accompanying financial schedules of the earnings release and the Investors section of the company's website at quarterly results.

Copies of the financial schedules accompanying this earnings release are available on the company’s website at quarterly results. These schedules include supplementary sales data, a condensed consolidated statement of earnings, reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures, and sales of key products/franchises. Additional information on Johnson & Johnson, including adjusted income before tax by segment, a pharmaceutical pipeline of selected compounds in late stage development and a copy of today’s earnings call presentation can also be found in the Investors section of the company's website at quarterly results.

NOTE TO INVESTORS CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS:
This press release contains “forward-looking statements” as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 regarding, among other things: future operating and financial performance, product development, market position and business strategy, and the anticipated separation of the Company’s Consumer Health business. The reader is cautioned not to rely on these forward-looking statements. These statements are based on current expectations of future events. If underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or known or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results could vary materially from the expectations and projections of Johnson & Johnson. Risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: economic factors, such as interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations; competition, including technological advances, new products and patents attained by competitors; challenges inherent in new product research and development, including uncertainty of clinical success and obtaining regulatory approvals; uncertainty of commercial success for new and existing products; challenges to patents; the impact of patent expirations; the ability of the company to successfully execute strategic plans; the impact of business combinations and divestitures; manufacturing difficulties or delays, internally or within the supply chain; product efficacy or safety concerns resulting in product recalls or regulatory action; significant adverse litigation or government action, including related to product liability claims; changes to applicable laws and regulations, including tax laws and global health care reforms; trends toward health care cost containment; changes in behavior and spending patterns of purchasers of health care products and services; financial instability of international economies and legal systems and sovereign risk; increased scrutiny of the health care industry by government agencies; the Company’s ability to satisfy the necessary conditions to consummate the separation of the Company’s Consumer Health business on a timely basis or at all; the Company’s ability to successfully separate the Company’s Consumer Health business and realize the anticipated benefits from the separation; the New Consumer Health Company’s ability to succeed as a standalone publicly traded company; and risks related to the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic, such as the scope and duration of the outbreak, government actions and restrictive measures implemented in response, material delays and cancellations of medical procedures, supply chain disruptions and other impacts to the business, or on the company’s ability to execute business continuity plans, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. A further list and descriptions of these risks, uncertainties and other factors can be found in Johnson & Johnson’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 2, 2022, including in the sections captioned “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” and in Johnson & Johnson’s subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Copies of these filings are available online at www.sec.gov, www.jnj.com or on request from Johnson & Johnson. Any forward-looking statement made in this release speaks only as of the date of this release. Johnson & Johnson does not undertake to update any forward-looking statement as a result of new information or future events or developments.

Johnson & Johnson and Subsidiaries
Supplementary Sales Data

(Unaudited; Dollars in Millions)	THIRD QUARTER								NINE MONTHS
			Percent Change								Percent Change
	2022	2021	Total			Operations	Currency		2022	2021	Total			Operations		Currency
Sales to customers by
segment of business

Consumer Health ⁽¹⁾
U.S.	$ 1,659	1,625	2.1		%	2.1	-		$ 4,903	4,987	(1.7	)	%	(1.7	)	-
International	2,136	2,187	(2.3	)		6.7	(9.0	)	6,283	6,320	(0.6	)		6.0		(6.6	)
	3,795	3,812	(0.4	)		4.7	(5.1	)	11,186	11,307	(1.1	)		2.6		(3.7	)

Pharmaceutical ⁽¹⁾
U.S.	7,438	7,221	3.0			3.0	-		21,229	20,536	3.4			3.4		-
International	5,776	5,661	2.0			16.7	(14.7	)	18,171	16,927	7.3			18.5		(11.2	)
	13,214	12,882	2.6			9.0	(6.4	)	39,400	37,463	5.2			10.2		(5.0	)

Pharmaceutical excluding COVID-19 Vaccine ^(1,3)
U.S.	7,438	6,951	7.0			7.0	-		21,109	20,115	4.9			4.9		-
International	5,287	5,429	(2.6	)		11.3	(13.9	)	16,801	16,582	1.3			11.7		(10.4	)
	12,725	12,380	2.8			8.9	(6.1	)	37,910	36,697	3.3			8.0		(4.7	)

MedTech ⁽²⁾
U.S.	3,356	3,117	7.7			7.7	-		9,932	9,470	4.9			4.9		-
International	3,426	3,527	(2.9	)		8.5	(11.4	)	10,719	10,731	(0.1	)		8.2		(8.3	)
	6,782	6,644	2.1			8.1	(6.0	)	20,651	20,201	2.2			6.6		(4.4	)

U.S.	12,453	11,963	4.1			4.1	-		36,064	34,993	3.1			3.1		-
International	11,338	11,375	(0.3	)		12.3	(12.6	)	35,173	33,978	3.5			12.9		(9.4	)
Worldwide	23,791	23,338	1.9			8.1	(6.2	)	71,237	68,971	3.3			7.9		(4.6	)

U.S.	12,453	11,693	6.5			6.5	-		35,944	34,572	4.0			4.0		-
International	10,849	11,143	(2.6	)		9.5	(12.1	)	33,803	33,633	0.5			9.5		(9.0	)
Worldwide excluding COVID-19 Vaccine⁽³⁾	$ 23,302	22,836	2.0		%	8.0	(6.0	)	$ 69,747	68,205	2.3		%	6.7		(4.4	)

Note: Percentages have been calculated using actual, non-rounded figures and, therefore, may not recalculate precisely.

⁽¹⁾ Certain international OTC products, primarily in China, were reclassified from the Pharmaceutical segment to the Consumer Health segment based on operational changes.
⁽²⁾Previously referred to as Medical Devices
⁽³⁾ Refer to supplemental sales reconciliation schedule

Johnson & Johnson and Subsidiaries
Supplementary Sales Data

(Unaudited; Dollars in Millions)	THIRD QUARTER								NINE MONTHS
			Percent Change								Percent Change
	2022	2021	Total			Operations	Currency		2022	2021	Total			Operations	Currency
Sales to customers by
geographic area

U.S.	$ 12,453	11,963	4.1		%	4.1	-		$ 36,064	34,993	3.1		%	3.1	-

Europe	5,524	5,587	(1.1	)		14.5	(15.6	)	17,633	16,669	5.8			18.2	(12.4	)
Western Hemisphere excluding U.S.	1,562	1,500	4.1			9.1	(5.0	)	4,580	4,291	6.7			9.6	(2.9	)
Asia-Pacific, Africa	4,252	4,288	(0.9	)		10.5	(11.4	)	12,960	13,018	(0.4	)		7.2	(7.6	)
International	11,338	11,375	(0.3	)		12.3	(12.6	)	35,173	33,978	3.5			12.9	(9.4	)

Worldwide	$ 23,791	23,338	1.9		%	8.1	(6.2	)	$ 71,237	68,971	3.3		%	7.9	(4.6	)

Note: Percentages have been calculated using actual, non-rounded figures and, therefore, may not recalculate precisely.

Johnson & Johnson and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings

(Unaudited; in Millions Except Per Share Figures)

THIRD QUARTER

2022

2021

Percent

Percent

Increase

Amount

to Sales

Amount

to Sales

(Decrease)

Sales to customers

23,791

100.0

23,338

100.0

1.9

Cost of products sold

7,807

32.8

7,250

31.1

7.7

Gross Profit

15,984

67.2

16,088

68.9

(0.6

)

Selling, marketing and administrative expenses

6,089

25.6

6,000

25.7

1.5

Research and development expense

3,597

15.1

3,422

14.7

5.1

In-process research and development

900

3.9

Interest (income) expense, net

(99

)

(0.4

)

0.0

Other (income) expense, net

493

2.1

1,850

7.9

Restructuring

0.3

0.2

Earnings before provision for taxes on income

5,822

24.5

3,849

16.5

51.3

Provision for taxes on income

1,364

5.8

182

0.8

649.5

Net earnings

4,458

18.7

3,667

15.7

21.6

Net earnings per share (Diluted)

1.68

1.37

22.6

Average shares outstanding (Diluted)

2,661.3

2,674.9

Effective tax rate

23.4

4.7

Adjusted earnings before provision for taxes and net earnings ⁽¹⁾

Earnings before provision for taxes on income

8,073

33.9

8,058

34.5

0.2

Net earnings

6,779

28.5

6,968

29.9

(2.7

)

Net earnings per share (Diluted)

2.55

2.60

(1.9

)

Effective tax rate

16.0

13.5

⁽¹⁾ See Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.

Johnson & Johnson and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings

(Unaudited; in Millions Except Per Share Figures)

NINE MONTHS

2022

2021

Percent

Percent

Increase

Amount

to Sales

Amount

to Sales

(Decrease)

Sales to customers

71,237

100.0

68,971

100.0

3.3

Cost of products sold

23,324

32.7

21,900

31.8

6.5

Gross Profit

47,913

67.3

47,071

68.2

1.8

Selling, marketing and administrative expenses

18,253

25.7

17,505

25.4

4.3

Research and development expense

10,762

15.1

9,994

14.5

7.7

In-process research and development

610

0.9

900

1.3

Interest (income) expense, net

(137

)

(0.2

)

0.1

Other (income) expense, net

664

0.9

480

0.7

Restructuring

237

0.3

169

0.2

Earnings before provision for taxes on income

17,524

24.6

17,940

26.0

(2.3

)

Provision for taxes on income

3,103

4.4

1,798

2.6

72.6

Net earnings

14,421

20.2

16,142

23.4

(10.7

)

Net earnings per share (Diluted)

5.41

6.04

(10.4

)

Average shares outstanding (Diluted)

2,667.5

2,674.6

Effective tax rate

17.7

10.0

Adjusted earnings before provision for taxes and net earnings ⁽¹⁾

Earnings before provision for taxes on income

24,462

34.3

24,125

35.0

1.4

Net earnings

20,820

29.2

20,517

29.7

1.5

Net earnings per share (Diluted)

7.81

7.67

1.8

Effective tax rate

14.9

15.0

⁽¹⁾ See Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.

Johnson & Johnson and Subsidiaries
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

		Third Quarter				Nine Months Ended
	(Dollars in Millions Except Per Share Data)	2022		2021		2022		2021
	Net Earnings, after tax- as reported	$4,458		$3,667		$14,421		$16,142

	Pre-tax Adjustments
	Intangible Asset Amortization expense	1,041		1,159		3,244		3,576
	Litigation related	219		2,077		604		2,054
	IPR&D	-		900		610		900
	Restructuring related	123		121		323		333
	Acquisition, integration and divestiture related ¹	-		20		-		(504	)
	(Gains)/losses on securities	164		(127	)	684		(335	)
	Medical Device Regulation ²	78		59		208		161
	COVID-19 Vaccine related costs ³	377		-		653		-
	Consumer Health separation costs	249		-		619		-
	Other	-		-		(7	)	-

	Tax Adjustments
	Tax impact on special item adjustments ⁴	(379	)	(849	)	(1,085	)	(1,097	)
	Consumer Health separation tax related costs	361		-		459		-
	Tax legislation and other tax related	88		(59	)	87		(713	)
	Adjusted Net Earnings, after tax	$6,779		$6,968		$20,820		$20,517
	Average shares outstanding (Diluted)	2,661.3		2,674.9		2,667.5		2,674.6
	Adjusted net earnings per share (Diluted)	$2.55		$2.60		$7.81		$7.67
	Operational adjusted net earnings per share (Diluted)	$2.75				$8.25

	Notes:
¹	Acquisition, integration and divestiture related for the nine months of 2021 primarily includes the gain on the divestiture of two Pharmaceutical brands outside of the U.S.

²	European Medical Device Regulation (MDR) costs represent one-time compliance costs for the Company’s previously registered products. MDR is a replacement of the existing European Medical Devices Directive regulatory framework, and manufacturers of currently marketed medical devices were required to comply with EU MDR beginning in May 2021. The Company considers the adoption of EU MDR to be a significant one-time regulatory change and is not indicative of on-going operations. The Company has excluded only external third-party regulatory and consulting costs from its MedTech operating segments' measures of profit and loss used for making operating decisions and assessing performance which is expected to be completed during 2024.

³	COVID-19 Vaccine related costs include remaining commitments and obligations, including external manufacturing network exit costs and required clinical trial expenses, associated with the Company's modification of its COVID-19 vaccine research program and manufacturing capacity to levels that meet all customer contractual requirements.

⁴	The tax impact related to special item adjustments reflects the current and deferred income taxes associated with the above pre-tax special items in arriving at adjusted earnings.

Johnson & Johnson and Subsidiaries
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measure

Adjusted Operational Sales Growth
THIRD QUARTER 2022 ACTUAL vs. 2021 ACTUAL

Segments

	Consumer Health		Pharmaceutical		MedTech		Total

WW As Reported	(0.4	)%	2.6	%	2.1	%	1.9	%
U.S.	2.1	%	3.0	%	7.7	%	4.1	%
International	(2.3	)%	2.0	%	(2.9	)%	(0.3	)%

WW Currency	(5.1	)	(6.4	)	(6.0	)	(6.2	)
U.S.	-		-		-		-
International	(9.0	)	(14.7	)	(11.4	)	(12.6	)

WW Operational	4.7	%	9.0	%	8.1	%	8.1	%
U.S.	2.1	%	3.0	%	7.7	%	4.1	%
International	6.7	%	16.7	%	8.5	%	12.3	%

All Other Acquisitions and Divestitures	0.1		0.2		0.0		0.1
U.S.	0.2		0.2		(0.2	)	0.1
International	0.0		0.1		0.2		0.1

WW Adjusted Operational	4.8	%	9.2	%	8.1	%	8.2	%
U.S.	2.3	%	3.2	%	7.5	%	4.2	%
International	6.7	%	16.8	%	8.7	%	12.4	%

Note: Percentages are based on actual, non-rounded figures and may not sum.

Johnson & Johnson and Subsidiaries
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measure

Adjusted Operational Sales Growth
NINE MONTHS 2022 ACTUAL vs. 2021 ACTUAL

Segments

	Consumer Health		Pharmaceutical		MedTech		Total

WW As Reported	(1.1	)%	5.2	%	2.2	%	3.3	%
U.S.	(1.7	)%	3.4	%	4.9	%	3.1	%
International	(0.6	)%	7.3	%	(0.1	)%	3.5	%

WW Currency	(3.7	)	(5.0	)	(4.4	)	(4.6	)
U.S.	-		-		-		-
International	(6.6	)	(11.2	)	(8.3	)	(9.4	)

WW Operational	2.6	%	10.2	%	6.6	%	7.9	%
U.S.	(1.7	)%	3.4	%	4.9	%	3.1	%
International	6.0	%	18.5	%	8.2	%	12.9	%

All Other Acquisitions and Divestitures	0.5		0.1		0.1		0.2
U.S.	0.2		0.1		(0.2	)	0.1
International	0.7		0.1		0.2		0.2

WW Adjusted Operational	3.1	%	10.3	%	6.7	%	8.1	%
U.S.	(1.5	)%	3.5	%	4.7	%	3.2	%
International	6.7	%	18.6	%	8.4	%	13.1	%

Note: Percentages are based on actual, non-rounded figures and may not sum.

		REPORTED SALES vs. PRIOR PERIOD ($MM)										REPORTED SALES vs. PRIOR PERIOD ($MM)
	THIRD QUARTER										NINE MONTHS
					% Change										% Change
		2022		2021	Reported		Operational ⁽¹⁾		Currency			2022		2021	Reported		Operational ⁽¹⁾		Currency
CONSUMER HEALTH SEGMENT ^(2,3)
OTC
US		$	695	686	1.4	%	1.4	%	-			$	2,028	1,960	3.5	%	3.5	%	-
Intl			825	798	3.4	%	12.2	%	-8.8	%			2,434	2,223	9.5	%	16.3	%	-6.8	%
WW			1,519	1,484	2.5	%	7.2	%	-4.7	%			4,462	4,183	6.7	%	10.3	%	-3.6	%
SKIN HEALTH / BEAUTY
US			591	569	3.7	%	3.7	%	-				1,764	1,862	-5.3	%	-5.3	%	-
Intl			535	555	-3.6	%	6.2	%	-9.8	%			1,500	1,595	-6.0	%	1.5	%	-7.5	%
WW			1,126	1,124	0.1	%	5.0	%	-4.9	%			3,264	3,457	-5.6	%	-2.2	%	-3.4	%
ORAL CARE
US			158	150	5.2	%	5.2	%	-				471	478	-1.5	%	-1.5	%	-
Intl			217	248	-12.4	%	-4.3	%	-8.1	%			664	762	-12.8	%	-7.2	%	-5.6	%
WW			375	398	-5.8	%	-0.7	%	-5.1	%			1,135	1,240	-8.5	%	-5.0	%	-3.5	%
BABY CARE
US			91	95	-4.0	%	-4.0	%	-				264	288	-8.2	%	-8.2	%	-
Intl			283	296	-4.5	%	3.4	%	-7.9	%			840	879	-4.4	%	0.8	%	-5.2	%
WW			375	391	-4.3	%	1.6	%	-5.9	%			1,105	1,167	-5.4	%	-1.5	%	-3.9	%
WOMEN'S HEALTH
US			2	3	-22.0	%	-22.0	%	-				9	9	-2.8	%	-2.8	%	-
Intl			222	229	-2.7	%	8.4	%	-11.1	%			674	675	-0.1	%	8.0	%	-8.1	%
WW			225	232	-3.0	%	7.9	%	-10.9	%			684	684	-0.1	%	7.8	%	-7.9	%
WOUND CARE / OTHER
US			122	122	-0.2	%	-0.2	%	-				366	390	-6.0	%	-6.0	%	-
Intl			53	61	-11.4	%	-7.1	%	-4.3	%			170	186	-8.2	%	-5.4	%	-2.8	%
WW			176	182	-3.9	%	-2.5	%	-1.4	%			537	575	-6.7	%	-5.8	%	-0.9	%

TOTAL CONSUMER HEALTH
US			1,659	1,625	2.1	%	2.1	%	-				4,903	4,987	-1.7	%	-1.7	%	-
Intl			2,136	2,187	-2.3	%	6.7	%	-9.0	%			6,283	6,320	-0.6	%	6.0	%	-6.6	%
WW		$	3,795	3,812	-0.4	%	4.7	%	-5.1	%		$	11,186	11,307	-1.1	%	2.6	%	-3.7	%


See footnotes at end of schedule

		REPORTED SALES vs. PRIOR PERIOD ($MM)									REPORTED SALES vs. PRIOR PERIOD ($MM)
	THIRD QUARTER										NINE MONTHS
					% Change									% Change
PHARMACEUTICAL SEGMENT ^(2,3)		2022		2021	Reported		Operational ⁽¹⁾		Currency		2022		2021	Reported		Operational ⁽¹⁾		Currency

IMMUNOLOGY
US		$	2,876	2,771	3.8	%	3.8	%	-		$	8,230	7,932	3.8	%	3.8	%	-
Intl			1,411	1,480	-4.7	%	8.9	%	-13.6	%		4,587	4,464	2.8	%	12.9	%	-10.1	%
WW			4,287	4,250	0.9	%	5.6	%	-4.7	%		12,817	12,395	3.4	%	7.1	%	-3.7	%
REMICADE
US			350	480	-27.0	%	-27.0	%	-			1,099	1,508	-27.1	%	-27.1	%	-
US Exports ⁽⁴⁾			39	47	-16.9	%	-16.9	%	-			163	197	-17.2	%	-17.2	%	-
Intl			169	234	-27.8	%	-22.8	%	-5.0	%		606	721	-16.0	%	-11.9	%	-4.1	%
WW			558	761	-26.6	%	-25.1	%	-1.5	%		1,868	2,426	-23.0	%	-21.8	%	-1.2	%
SIMPONI / SIMPONI ARIA
US			298	295	0.9	%	0.9	%	-			886	840	5.4	%	5.4	%	-
Intl			248	276	-10.4	%	3.0	%	-13.4	%		797	877	-9.2	%	0.4	%	-9.6	%
WW			545	571	-4.6	%	1.9	%	-6.5	%		1,682	1,717	-2.0	%	2.9	%	-4.9	%
STELARA
US			1,655	1,569	5.5	%	5.5	%	-			4,766	4,396	8.4	%	8.4	%	-
Intl			794	809	-1.9	%	12.9	%	-14.8	%		2,571	2,404	6.9	%	18.2	%	-11.3	%
WW			2,449	2,378	3.0	%	8.0	%	-5.0	%		7,336	6,800	7.9	%	11.9	%	-4.0	%
TREMFYA
US			530	376	40.7	%	40.7	%	-			1,303	975	33.6	%	33.6	%	-
Intl			200	161	24.6	%	44.5	%	-19.9	%		613	459	33.7	%	49.0	%	-15.3	%
WW			729	537	35.9	%	41.9	%	-6.0	%		1,916	1,434	33.6	%	38.5	%	-4.9	%
OTHER IMMUNOLOGY
US			5	3	*		*		-			14	15	-3.5	%	-3.5	%	-
Intl			0	0	*		*		*			0	3	*		*		*
WW			5	3	*		*		*			14	18	-19.3	%	-19.3	%	0.0	%
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
US			390	679	-42.7	%	-42.7	%	-			1,266	1,635	-22.6	%	-22.6	%	-
Intl			905	698	29.7	%	49.1	%	-19.4	%		2,642	1,758	50.3	%	67.1	%	-16.8	%
WW			1,295	1,378	-6.0	%	3.8	%	-9.8	%		3,908	3,394	15.2	%	23.9	%	-8.7	%
COVID-19 VACCINE
US			0	270	*		*		-			120	421	-71.5	%	-71.5	%	-
Intl			489	233	*		*		*			1,370	346	*		*		*
WW			489	502	-2.7	%	13.1	%	-15.8	%		1,490	766	*		*		*
EDURANT / rilpivirine
US			9	12	-27.1	%	-27.1	%	-			27	31	-14.5	%	-14.5	%	-
Intl			237	247	-4.2	%	9.8	%	-14.0	%		691	733	-5.7	%	4.8	%	-10.5	%
WW			245	259	-5.2	%	8.2	%	-13.4	%		718	764	-6.1	%	4.0	%	-10.1	%
PREZISTA / PREZCOBIX / REZOLSTA / SYMTUZA
US			372	380	-2.2	%	-2.2	%	-			1,096	1,128	-2.9	%	-2.9	%	-
Intl			112	137	-17.9	%	-6.3	%	-11.6	%		354	440	-19.5	%	-11.2	%	-8.3	%
WW			485	517	-6.4	%	-3.3	%	-3.1	%		1,450	1,568	-7.5	%	-5.2	%	-2.3	%
OTHER INFECTIOUS DISEASES
US			10	18	-46.4	%	-46.4	%	-			24	55	-57.2	%	-57.2	%	-
Intl			68	82	-17.1	%	-10.8	%	-6.3	%		228	240	-5.0	%	0.2	%	-5.2	%
WW			77	99	-22.4	%	-17.2	%	-5.2	%		251	295	-14.8	%	-10.6	%	-4.2	%

		REPORTED SALES vs. PRIOR PERIOD ($MM)								REPORTED SALES vs. PRIOR PERIOD ($MM)
	THIRD QUARTER									NINE MONTHS
				% Change								% Change
		2022	2021	Reported		Operational ⁽¹⁾		Currency		2022	2021	Reported		Operational ⁽¹⁾		Currency
NEUROSCIENCE
US		919	835	10.0	%	10.0	%	-		2,658	2,448	8.6	%	8.6	%	-
Intl		763	845	-9.9	%	1.8	%	-11.7	%	2,498	2,751	-9.2	%	-0.6	%	-8.6	%
WW		1,681	1,680	0.0	%	5.9	%	-5.9	%	5,156	5,199	-0.8	%	3.7	%	-4.5	%
CONCERTA / Methylphenidate
US		41	35	19.3	%	19.3	%	-		114	117	-2.2	%	-2.2	%	-
Intl		117	122	-4.4	%	8.0	%	-12.4	%	362	372	-2.6	%	6.5	%	-9.1	%
WW		158	157	0.8	%	10.5	%	-9.7	%	476	489	-2.5	%	4.4	%	-6.9	%
INVEGA SUSTENNA / XEPLION / INVEGA TRINZA / TREVICTA
US		684	648	5.3	%	5.3	%	-		2,036	1,882	8.1	%	8.1	%	-
Intl		348	355	-2.3	%	12.2	%	-14.5	%	1,097	1,111	-1.3	%	9.4	%	-10.7	%
WW		1,031	1,004	2.6	%	7.8	%	-5.2	%	3,132	2,994	4.6	%	8.6	%	-4.0	%
RISPERDAL CONSTA
US		67	71	-6.1	%	-6.1	%	-		195	210	-7.1	%	-7.1	%	-
Intl		52	69	-24.2	%	-11.3	%	-12.9	%	178	242	-26.3	%	-17.0	%	-9.3	%
WW		119	140	-14.9	%	-8.6	%	-6.3	%	373	452	-17.4	%	-12.4	%	-5.0	%
OTHER NEUROSCIENCE
US		127	81	57.2	%	57.2	%	-		313	239	31.1	%	31.1	%	-
Intl		246	298	-17.9	%	-10.0	%	-7.9	%	861	1,026	-16.2	%	-10.2	%	-6.0	%
WW		374	379	-1.9	%	4.3	%	-6.2	%	1,174	1,265	-7.3	%	-2.4	%	-4.9	%
ONCOLOGY
US		1,812	1,525	18.8	%	18.8	%	-		5,073	4,364	16.2	%	16.2	%	-
Intl		2,252	2,140	5.2	%	20.9	%	-15.7	%	6,983	6,406	9.0	%	20.8	%	-11.8	%
WW		4,064	3,665	10.9	%	20.0	%	-9.1	%	12,056	10,770	11.9	%	19.0	%	-7.1	%
DARZALEX
US		1,097	841	30.3	%	30.3	%	-		3,071	2,302	33.4	%	33.4	%	-
Intl		955	739	29.3	%	48.2	%	-18.9	%	2,823	2,076	36.0	%	50.8	%	-14.8	%
WW		2,052	1,580	29.8	%	38.7	%	-8.9	%	5,894	4,378	34.6	%	41.6	%	-7.0	%
ERLEADA
US		254	214	19.1	%	19.1	%	-		693	578	20.0	%	20.0	%	-
Intl		235	130	*		*		*		647	329	*		*		*
WW		490	344	42.2	%	51.2	%	-9.0	%	1,340	907	47.7	%	54.9	%	-7.2	%
IMBRUVICA
US		353	413	-14.6	%	-14.6	%	-		1,072	1,311	-18.3	%	-18.3	%	-
Intl		559	654	-14.6	%	-2.5	%	-12.1	%	1,847	1,996	-7.5	%	1.9	%	-9.4	%
WW		911	1,066	-14.6	%	-7.2	%	-7.4	%	2,918	3,307	-11.8	%	-6.1	%	-5.7	%
ZYTIGA / abiraterone acetate
US		16	25	-33.1	%	-33.1	%	-		54	96	-43.4	%	-43.4	%	-
Intl		440	523	-15.9	%	-1.2	%	-14.7	%	1,446	1,653	-12.5	%	-1.9	%	-10.6	%
WW		456	548	-16.7	%	-2.6	%	-14.1	%	1,500	1,749	-14.2	%	-4.2	%	-10.0	%
OTHER ONCOLOGY
US		92	32	*		*		-		183	76	*		*		-
Intl		64	94	-32.1	%	-22.6	%	-9.5	%	220	352	-37.5	%	-31.2	%	-6.3	%
WW		155	126	23.1	%	30.2	%	-7.1	%	403	428	-5.9	%	-0.8	%	-5.1	%

		REPORTED SALES vs. PRIOR PERIOD ($MM)										REPORTED SALES vs. PRIOR PERIOD ($MM)
	THIRD QUARTER										NINE MONTHS
					% Change										% Change
		2022		2021	Reported		Operational ⁽¹⁾		Currency			2022		2021	Reported		Operational ⁽¹⁾		Currency
PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
US			604	610	-1.1	%	-1.1	%	-				1,736	1,778	-2.4	%	-2.4	%	-
Intl			247	258	-3.8	%	12.5	%	-16.3	%			810	821	-1.3	%	10.5	%	-11.8	%
WW			852	868	-1.9	%	3.0	%	-4.9	%			2,547	2,599	-2.0	%	1.7	%	-3.7	%
OPSUMIT
US			289	299	-3.4	%	-3.4	%	-				827	861	-4.0	%	-4.0	%	-
Intl			152	159	-4.7	%	11.6	%	-16.3	%			495	510	-3.0	%	8.7	%	-11.7	%
WW			441	458	-3.9	%	1.8	%	-5.7	%			1,322	1,371	-3.6	%	0.7	%	-4.3	%
UPTRAVI
US			283	265	6.6	%	6.6	%	-				824	792	3.9	%	3.9	%	-
Intl			50	44	14.2	%	29.5	%	-15.3	%			162	135	20.4	%	32.1	%	-11.7	%
WW			333	309	7.7	%	9.9	%	-2.2	%			986	927	6.3	%	8.0	%	-1.7	%
OTHER PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
US			33	47	-29.5	%	-29.5	%	-				86	125	-31.3	%	-31.3	%	-
Intl			46	54	-15.7	%	1.2	%	-16.9	%			154	176	-13.0	%	-1.0	%	-12.0	%
WW			78	101	-22.1	%	-12.9	%	-9.2	%			239	301	-20.5	%	-13.5	%	-7.0	%
CARDIOVASCULAR / METABOLISM / OTHER
US			837	800	4.5	%	4.5	%	-				2,266	2,379	-4.8	%	-4.8	%	-
Intl			198	241	-17.5	%	-8.8	%	-8.7	%			651	727	-10.4	%	-3.8	%	-6.6	%
WW			1,034	1,041	-0.6	%	1.4	%	-2.0	%			2,916	3,106	-6.1	%	-4.5	%	-1.6	%
XARELTO
US			689	636	8.4	%	8.4	%	-				1,806	1,794	0.7	%	0.7	%	-
Intl			-	-	-		-		-				-	-	-		-		-
WW			689	636	8.4	%	8.4	%	-				1,806	1,794	0.7	%	0.7	%	-
INVOKANA / INVOKAMET
US			49	66	-25.8	%	-25.8	%	-				164	249	-34.1	%	-34.1	%	-
Intl			60	67	-11.0	%	-2.5	%	-8.5	%			193	194	-0.6	%	6.1	%	-6.7	%
WW			109	133	-18.4	%	-14.1	%	-4.3	%			357	443	-19.5	%	-16.6	%	-2.9	%
OTHER
US			98	98	-0.1	%	-0.1	%	-				295	336	-12.2	%	-12.2	%	-
Intl			138	173	-20.0	%	-11.3	%	-8.7	%			458	533	-14.0	%	-7.3	%	-6.7	%
WW			236	271	-12.8	%	-7.3	%	-5.5	%			753	869	-13.3	%	-9.2	%	-4.1	%

TOTAL PHARMACEUTICAL
US			7,438	7,221	3.0	%	3.0	%	-				21,229	20,536	3.4	%	3.4	%	-
Intl			5,776	5,661	2.0	%	16.7	%	-14.7	%			18,171	16,927	7.3	%	18.5	%	-11.2	%
WW		$	13,214	12,882	2.6	%	9.0	%	-6.4	%		$	39,400	37,463	5.2	%	10.2	%	-5.0	%

See footnotes at end of schedule

		REPORTED SALES vs. PRIOR PERIOD ($MM)									REPORTED SALES vs. PRIOR PERIOD ($MM)
	THIRD QUARTER										NINE MONTHS
					% Change									% Change
MEDTECH SEGMENT ^(2,3,5)		2022		2021	Reported		Operational ⁽¹⁾		Currency		2022		2021	Reported		Operational ⁽¹⁾		Currency

INTERVENTIONAL SOLUTIONS
US		$	547	444	23.2	%	23.2	%	-		$	1,566	1,353	15.7	%	15.7	%	-
Intl			513	513	0.0	%	13.0	%	-13.0	%		1,636	1,599	2.3	%	11.1	%	-8.8	%
WW			1,060	957	10.8	%	17.7	%	-6.9	%		3,202	2,952	8.5	%	13.2	%	-4.7	%
ORTHOPAEDICS
US			1,309	1,249	4.8	%	4.8	%	-			3,936	3,821	3.0	%	3.0	%	-
Intl			785	843	-6.9	%	4.6	%	-11.5	%		2,504	2,611	-4.1	%	4.3	%	-8.4	%
WW			2,095	2,093	0.1	%	4.7	%	-4.6	%		6,440	6,433	0.1	%	3.5	%	-3.4	%
HIPS
US			228	209	9.1	%	9.1	%	-			693	651	6.5	%	6.5	%	-
Intl			124	146	-15.1	%	-4.5	%	-10.6	%		437	451	-3.3	%	4.6	%	-7.9	%
WW			352	355	-0.9	%	3.5	%	-4.4	%		1,129	1,102	2.5	%	5.7	%	-3.2	%
KNEES
US			203	184	9.8	%	9.8	%	-			620	579	6.9	%	6.9	%	-
Intl			115	131	-12.8	%	-2.1	%	-10.7	%		386	403	-4.4	%	3.7	%	-8.1	%
WW			317	316	0.4	%	4.9	%	-4.5	%		1,005	983	2.3	%	5.6	%	-3.3	%
TRAUMA
US			473	455	3.8	%	3.8	%	-			1,412	1,352	4.4	%	4.4	%	-
Intl			244	260	-6.0	%	6.5	%	-12.5	%		749	805	-7.0	%	2.3	%	-9.3	%
WW			717	715	0.2	%	4.8	%	-4.6	%		2,161	2,157	0.2	%	3.6	%	-3.4	%
SPINE, SPORTS & OTHER
US			406	401	1.3	%	1.3	%	-			1,211	1,239	-2.2	%	-2.2	%	-
Intl			303	306	-1.1	%	10.2	%	-11.3	%		933	952	-2.0	%	6.1	%	-8.1	%
WW			708	706	0.3	%	5.2	%	-4.9	%		2,144	2,190	-2.1	%	1.4	%	-3.5	%

		REPORTED SALES vs. PRIOR PERIOD ($MM)										REPORTED SALES vs. PRIOR PERIOD ($MM)
	THIRD QUARTER										NINE MONTHS
					% Change										% Change
		2022		2021	Reported		Operational ⁽¹⁾		Currency			2022		2021	Reported		Operational ⁽¹⁾		Currency
SURGERY
US			984	948	3.7	%	3.7	%	-				2,897	2,881	0.5	%	0.5	%	-
Intl			1,439	1,457	-1.2	%	9.3	%	-10.5	%			4,410	4,418	-0.2	%	7.3	%	-7.5	%
WW			2,422	2,405	0.7	%	7.1	%	-6.4	%			7,306	7,299	0.1	%	4.6	%	-4.5	%
ADVANCED
US			457	440	3.8	%	3.8	%	-				1,328	1,304	1.8	%	1.8	%	-
Intl			701	705	-0.4	%	9.8	%	-10.2	%			2,132	2,126	0.3	%	7.2	%	-6.9	%
WW			1,158	1,144	1.2	%	7.5	%	-6.3	%			3,460	3,430	0.9	%	5.2	%	-4.3	%
GENERAL
US			527	508	3.6	%	3.6	%	-				1,569	1,577	-0.5	%	-0.5	%	-
Intl			737	752	-2.0	%	8.8	%	-10.8	%			2,277	2,292	-0.6	%	7.3	%	-7.9	%
WW			1,264	1,261	0.3	%	6.7	%	-6.4	%			3,846	3,869	-0.6	%	4.1	%	-4.7	%
VISION
US			517	475	8.8	%	8.8	%	-				1,534	1,414	8.5	%	8.5	%	-
Intl			689	714	-3.5	%	8.4	%	-11.9	%			2,170	2,103	3.2	%	12.9	%	-9.7	%
WW			1,206	1,189	1.4	%	8.6	%	-7.2	%			3,704	3,517	5.3	%	11.1	%	-5.8	%
CONTACT LENSES / OTHER
US			405	359	12.6	%	12.6	%	-				1,179	1,082	9.0	%	9.0	%	-
Intl			503	522	-3.6	%	9.5	%	-13.1	%			1,533	1,525	0.5	%	11.1	%	-10.6	%
WW			908	882	3.0	%	10.8	%	-7.8	%			2,712	2,607	4.0	%	10.2	%	-6.2	%
SURGICAL
US			112	117	-3.2	%	-3.2	%	-				355	333	6.8	%	6.8	%	-